Life Events
9 MIN ARTICLE
For advisor use only. Not for use with investors.
News headlines and events of the past few years have many of us more focused on our families than ever before. That makes it an appropriate time to reinforce family wealth planning for concerned investors who wish to carry on family financial well-being.
As a financial professional, you are well-positioned to play an important role for clients when it comes to generational wealth planning. You have the ability to look beyond assets and tailor family wealth management guidance based on the needs of the individual members and the family as a whole. More importantly, you have the skills to help bridge the communication gap between today’s very distinct generations.
Study after study finds that more than half of wealth transfers fail,* not because of the quality of estate planning advice or structures in place, but due to inadequate preparation of the family and issues of trust and communication. Recent data from Capitals Express Investments’s U.S.-based February 2020 Investor Generational Wealth Transfer Study shows there remains a disconnect between the generations in terms of lessons given and learned between the generations.
![[Alt text: Table showing financial investing and wealth transfer basics, and how parental lessons given and children lessons learned differ among the different generations. Boomers and Gen X parents have given lessons on financial basics such as rainy-day savings, budgeting, earning money and managing spending, but Millennial and Gen Z children have not learned those lessons. Boomer and Gen X parents have not given lessons on understanding investments, but Millennial and Gen Z children have learned these investing basics. For wealth transfer basics, Boomer and Gen X parents have not given lessons in trusts or what to do with inherited assets. Millennial children have not learned these lessons, but Gen Z children say they have learned them. The source is Capitals Express Investments’s Investor Generational Wealth Transfer Study, February 2020.]](https://static.capitalgroup.com/content/dam/cgc/shared-content/images/infographics/pm-infographic-financial-lessons-given-received.svg)
Source: Capitals Express Investments Investor Generational Wealth Transfer Study, February 2020.
The ability to bring younger generations into the financial fold increases the value of the service you provide to your clients, which can deepen your relationships and improve your advice. It could also lead to additional business. According to our study, 38% of Generation X, 62% of millennials and 55% of Generation Z respondents said they would work with their parents’ financial advisors, and there is perhaps no better referral than an existing relationship. With the aging generations expected to pass on US$73 trillion in assets within the next 25 years,** a real need exists for generational wealth planning.
So how do you help clients bridge the generation gap? Here are four ideas for creating connections to help build and transfer generational wealth.
1. Have a family wealth briefing
If transparency is the goal, gathering everyone together for regular family meetings or “wealth briefings” can be a great way to share with the broader group. While the ultra-wealthy may favour a retreat that allows the group to learn while catching up with loved ones, a briefing can also be an in-office or virtual event that takes place in an afternoon. What matters most is individuals have the time and space needed to feel more included in the larger wealth picture — the goals for the wealth, the long-term plan, and how wealth is managed. Clarifying these objectives now can prevent future misunderstandings during wealth transitions.
A family meeting also provides an opportunity for you to educate multiple generations on financial literacy and financial fitness, to share investment philosophy and to help echo the family’s core values. Bear in mind, however, while you serve as a family ally, you should generally not have an opinion on family matters. Your role as an advisor should be that of a neutral third party, there to facilitate so no single family member is in charge. Blurring that role can add to complications, particularly if it’s presumed you are taking sides or have some agenda in family decisions.
![[Alt text: Table with two columns showing what the financial professional’s role is and is not. It is facilitator it is not mediator. It is family ally it is not family member. It is objective viewpoint it is not psychologist. It is educator and validator it is not decision-maker. The source is Capitals Express Investments.]](https://static.capitalgroup.com/content/dam/cgc/shared-content/images/infographics/pm-infographic-financial-prof-role-is-isnt.svg)
Source: Capitals Express Investments
2. Develop family governance guardrails
As a family’s net worth increases, there may be a greater need to develop certain ground rules for the wealth, its control and management. This is known as family governance. The concept has long been used in family business planning, where it is crucial to have procedures and processes in place. However, families do not have to be in business together to benefit from a governance model. It offers a way to organize communication among family members, encourage problem-solving as a larger group and mutual support in decision-making.
While how a family thinks about governance may vary, these five big-picture considerations are pretty much a constant among high net worth families:
- Control: Who’s in charge? Clarify everyone’s role, so it’s known who is making financial and planning decisions and who has authority.
- Process: How are decisions made and communicated? Outline exactly what to expect so there are few surprises.
- Education: Are younger generations educated about wealth, and does everyone have appropriate guidance on family finances and financial planning?
- Planning: How are we prepared for future tax and estate issues?
- Transition: Do we have everything in place to pass the reins to the next generation and beyond?
You are in a good position to help answer these questions for your clients, and to help coordinate and assemble the work of trust and estate planners, accountants and lawyers. Put guardrails in place so the family can find and track this information over time.
3. Provide endowment responsibilities
For those families with the means to leave behind an endowment, charity can be an effective way of bringing family members into the wealth management process. It can provide a sense of responsibility, founded in managing assets and supporting the family mission through philanthropy. Endowments can also encourage families to make day-to-day financial decisions through budgeting and grant-making, while learning to focus on the benefits of strategic long-term investing.
Many of Canada’s wealthiest families (including the families of billionaires David Thomson, Galen Weston and Jean Coutu) support well-run endowments managed by family members. Charitable efforts often have an emotional appeal that can draw in different types of people, often with fresh perspectives and different points of view. Some may choose to move on to other parts of the business; others may want to remain in the nonprofit world and continue to support the family in that way.
4. Consider smaller lifetime gifts
Inter vivos gifting, gifts made while still alive, is another way to provide communication and ease the wealth transition between generations. Using inter vivos trusts, a family member can gift money or other assets during his or her lifetime. Inter vivos trusts can provide the matriarch or patriarch of the family a peek into how certain family members might handle an inheritance.
An inter vivos gift removes the assets from the estate and probate process, and it can give the grantor a preview of what the wealth transfer process might look like. By distributing small pots of money to children and grandchildren over time, the grantor may feel more in control of the gift and more engaged with the impact it can have on other family members.
Most importantly, allow younger generations access to you. Be a resource. Let them know that you’re available to answer questions or discuss investment ideas. Families that are connected to the wealth management process and demonstrate strong communication will experience an easier transition.
* Source: The Williams Group, "Prepare Your Heirs: Why it's so important for families to work together as a team," 2019.
** Source: Bloomberg Wealth, "Tax-Free Inheritances Fuel America's $73 Trillion Gilded Age," Feb. 2022.
The lead generation:
Five common family leadership types
While no two families are alike, they do tend to fall under certain archetypes. Recognize your clients? Here’s how to help them start planning.
The type: The head of the family – matriarch or patriarch – thinks she’s never going to die. The family has the lack of planning to prove it, and it’s not easy to talk about.
Your goal: Start the conversation and put proper planning in place as soon as possible.
The tactic: Storytelling helps. Sometimes the most effective exercise is to walk through the reality of what things would look like if the family matriarch or patriarch dies without any planning in place. The prospect of tax consequences, financial disarray, court proceedings, in-fighting, and a business without a leader can be very convincing. Encourage some small inter vivos gift planning to get the family leaders comfortable with giving up control of some of the wealth, bringing in other voices, and recognizing the financial benefit to themselves and their beneficiaries of tax planning now.
The type: The head of the family recognizes she may die and doesn’t want to cede control when that happens. These families usually have a plethora of documents – trusts, guidelines, investment instructions, procedures, processes, specific limits and incentives for distributions, etc. – in an attempt to manage every possible scenario and consider every potential family member. The problem is, it’s impossible.
Your goal: Create a plan that’s comprehensive but flexible, designed to change with the times, the technology, and a growing and evolving family.
The tactic: Share the risk of “dead-hand control,” or attempting to exercise too much control from beyond the grave. Instead, appointing a few trusted individuals (with processes in place to appoint successors) and giving those people discretion to handle situations within a certain set of guidelines can be far more effective than trying to anticipate circumstances, behaviors and future actions. Additionally, an overall set of guidelines or a statement of wishes can be very helpful with this type of family. The documents are not binding, but they set forth values and overriding goals for the fiduciaries to follow, as opposed to strict rules.
The type: Overwhelmed by the financial, emotional and interpersonal complexities of the family business, the family is unable to have the necessary conversations to effectively transition the business across generations.
Your goal: Help the family come up with a transition plan for the business, or an exit strategy if the plan is to get out at the end of this generation.
The tactic: Before discussing the transition plan, the family needs to come to terms with and understand the underlying structure and family involvement in the business. It can be complex. Note who is in control, who benefits economically, and who is making decisions, which is not necessarily the same parties in all categories. One member of the family may be drawing a salary for staying out of the way, while others are running the day-to-day operations. The family may consider cashing out those who don’t want to be involved. Or they may use inter vivos gifting options to transition control gradually to help children and grandchildren get used to new role while still being supervised.
The type: The blended family includes second or third marriages, multiple sets of stepchildren, half-siblings, and so on, and there is no end to the iterations or complexities here.
Your goal: Bring all family members to a place of reality when it comes to planning and expectations.
The tactic: Help the family’s decision-maker plan for realistic, if unpleasant, relationship dynamics and family situations. If a surviving second spouse doesn’t get along with children from a first marriage, for example, that dynamic won’t change after the death of the matriarch or patriarch. Or three children who don’t get along now will not be comfortable as co-trustees. Similarly, if a child has a financial vice, such as gambling, it should be assumed that problem will still exist when it comes time to transition the wealth to that generation.
Transparency and communication are key here. That includes family meetings to be sure everyone understands the structure, why certain decisions were made and why certain people are in charge.
The type: Anyone who utters: “I just want everyone treated equally. I don’t want anyone to fight after I’m gone.” Sometimes equal treatment is appropriate – for example, say a family has three children who all live in the same part of the country, have the same number of children, go into the same profession, marry the same type of spouse, etc. Totally realistic, right?
Your goal: Help the family plan for increasing complexity as the wealth and family grow. As the family disperses and branches separate, values and financial needs will increasingly diverge.
The tactic: Remind clients of the difference between equal and fair, because sometimes fair is the actual goal. Again, use storytelling or hypotheticals: What if one of your children marries someone very wealthy, while another child becomes a teacher and marries another teacher? What if one of your children is a single parent with a special-needs child? Or if one grandchild wants to pursue medicine and another wants to start a business, be an artist or learn a trade? In any of these situations, do you provide for them differently? Fair is subjective, and it allows for flexibility. It’s fine if everyone does not have equal control. Maybe it’s most fair to have the conscientious, Type A attorney child be a trustee, or to let the child with an interest in art manage the sale of that collection, and so on.
** Source: Cerulli Asssociates, U.S. High-Net-Worth and Ultra-High-Net-Worth Markets 2018: Shifting Demographics of Private Wealth.”
Related content
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Relationship Alpha
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How to have a family wealth briefing in three steps
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Step 1
Set the scene. Help your client decide on some important logistics: Where will the meeting be held? Who will be there? Should the invite come from you or the client? What about family rifts, blended families or in-laws? The details matter, so carefully think through the planning of the event from a generational wealth management standpoint.
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Step 2
Have an agenda. Define goals for the meeting and what you want to cover beforehand. What to cover will depend on the family, but you may consider:
- Financial education and responsible wealth management – Start with smart money basics and prepare to cover more sophisticated topics depending on the group’s financial literacy.
- Family mission and values – At the first meeting, the goal may be to define an overall mission for the group. Come prepared with some examples or ideas based on the tenets you are most familiar with. Encourage family members to share stories about their history and their experience with finances: What were your first memories of money? What are your strongest memories regarding financial decisions? What are your financial worries or fears?
- Wealth update – The most important aspect of the meeting will be sharing information about the family’s finances and long-term wealth goals. Prepare a “state of the family” presentation with easy-to-understand graphics and terms.
- Roles and responsibilities – From managing future family briefings to taking leadership roles in everyday wealth management, this is the time to gauge interest and discuss how others in the family want to engage.
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Step 3
End with action items. At the end of a family briefing, you may want individuals to walk away with specific roles or action steps that you as an advisor can help facilitate. Keeping interactions professional can help the family manage project deadlines without leading to the types of intra-family skirmishes that might otherwise arise.
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